GUMBO LIMBO
The gumbo limbo is a remarkable semi-evergreen tree, known for its open and irregular to rounded crown. It can reach impressive heights of up to 50 feet, with an equally expansive spread, though in landscape settings it usually grows between 25 to 40 feet tall and 25 to 30 feet wide. Its trunk and branches are robust, adorned with resinous bark that peels away to reveal a striking coppery surface, reminiscent of a freshly varnished finish. Typically branching out from two to four large limbs near the ground, this tree is native to South Florida and the tropical offshore islands. Historically significant, its soft and lightweight wood was once highly valued for carving carousel horses before the advent of molded plastics changed the industry.
Light Requirement: full sun to partial shade
Soil Tolerances: clay; sand; loam; acidic; alkaline; well-drained
Drought Tolerance: high
Aerosol Salt Tolerance: high
The gumbo limbo tree, known for its rapid growth and soft wood, is remarkably resilient to strong winds, drought, and neglect. It conserves water by shedding leaves and thrives in drier environments without the need for irrigation. The tree produces inconspicuous flowers that give way to red berries, which split into three sections upon maturity to reveal a small triangular seed. These fruits take a year to ripen, maturing in early summer.
Gumbo limbo trees flourish in full sun or partial shade across various well-drained soils. They can withstand moderate salt spray and adapt well to both alkaline conditions and poor sandy soils while also growing rapidly on more fertile grounds. Once established, these trees require minimal maintenance aside from occasional pruning of lower branches that may droop near the ground.
Ideal as standalone specimens on large properties or as street trees, gumbo limbos need ample space for growth. For street planting, it is crucial to train them early so that the lowest permanent branch is about 15 feet above ground level for adequate clearance. In contrast, specimen trees often have branches starting closer to the ground, showcasing their striking bark as an attractive feature.